Occurence of carcinoma in situ in association with invasive cancer of breast

The objectives of this study were to find out the frequency and the pattern of carcinoma in situ occurring in association with different types of breast cancers. This study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Oncology and the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore on breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1[st] January 2001 and 31[st] December 2005. The age, menopausal status, histopathological type, grade, and presence or absence of carcinoma in situ were recorded. Histopathological features were recorded according to WHO system. Grade was recorded only when it was assigned according to the Elston-Ellis modification of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system. A total of 1230 histopathologically documented invasive and non-invasive breast cancers patients were included in the study. DCIS alone was seen in seven patients [00.57%] and LCIS alone in two patients [00.16%]. Invasive ductal carcinoma was seen in 998 patients [81.14%] and invasive lobular carcinoma in 96 patients [07.80%]. Majority of breast cancers were grade II whereas grade I seen in 23.90% patients only. Areas of carcinoma in situ in different types of invasive cancers were seen in 328 [26.86%] patients. Majority of these patients were below 50 years of age. DCIS was present in 246 of 998 patients [24.65%] of invasive ductal carcinoma [NOS]. Comedo pattern was seen in 154 of 290 [53.10%] of DCIS. LCIS was present in 38 of 96 patients [39.58%] of invasive lobular carcinoma. Carcinoma in situ of breast is a turely diagnosed disease entity in our setting. It is seen mostly in association with invasive carcinoma of breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma in situ with comedo pattern is most frequent

Ocular and periocular dermoid cysts; a clinico-pathological study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different clinical presentations, morphology and management of dermoid cysts involving the eye and orbit. This is an interventional case series. All cases of ocular and periocular dermoid cysts operated between January 2000 and July 2005 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were all peri-ocular swellings which had a histological diagnosis of dermoid cyst and were seen on the globe and near the orbital rim. Patients with medial and orbital dermoids underwent CT scan to rule out intracranial extension. Patients were followed up for 1 to 3 months to observed any recurrence. There were 36 cases of dermoid cysts out of which 7 were limbal, 11 medial orbital, 15 lateral orbital and 4 deep orbital. Two limbal dermoids were associated with pre-auricular skin tags. Most of the growths presented with slowly advancing lesions. Proptosis and displacement of the globe was produced by orbital and large medial dermoid. All cysts were removed completely and sent for histopathology. The cysts were lined with stratified squamous epithelium, underlying dermis and skin appendages. There was keratin, sebaceous material and hair inside the cavity. The orbital dermoids that to be drained before excision of the posterior wall. There was rupture of 2 medial dermoids while dissecting them from the periosteum. There were 3 referred cases of recurrent dermoid cysts out of which 2 were lateral and one orbital, which were removed successfully. Follow up was done from 1 to 3 months. There was late infection in one of the orbital dermoids which responded well to intravenous antibiotics. One patient with recurrent orbital dermoid had a frozen orbit on presentation which improved after surgery but she needed ptosis repair later. There was severe visual loss in one case of deep orbital dermoid. Inconclusion orbital dermoids should be removed carefully and completely to prevent recurrence and scarring of orbital contents

Primary intracranial brain tumours; a clinico-pathological study

Seventy-eight patients of different brain Tumours were studied from April 1998 to June 1999. Age, sex, presenting complaints, and location of tumour were analyzed. After presurgical evaluation these patients were operated and specimens were sent for histopathological examination. Majority of patients presented with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Focal cerebral syndromes attributable to frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobe were also seen. Incompletely resected grade II astrocytomas received post-operative radiotherapy only. Whereas high grade astrocytomas whether completely or incompletely resected were given post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Histopathological analysis revealed that majority of the patients had astrocytomas others included pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, meningioma, medulloblastoma and schwannoma. Some degree of necrosis was present in both anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiform patients [46.43%]. But extensive necrosis was seen only in patients with glioblastoma multiform. Infiltrative component was seen in the majority of astrocytoma patients [90.48%]